Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem Renaissance Essay Claude McKay was Jamaican American who moved from Jamaica to the United States in 1912. He attended the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This is where he received his first taste of racism here in America and this would have a drastic effect on his future writing. He left the Tuskegee Institute to attend school in Manhattan, Kansas. Mr. McKay then moved to New York invested in a restaurant and got married. The restaurant fell through and McKay moved back to Jamaica. He later became an editor of the Liberator and wrote some of his own poems during the time period known as the red summer. One of his poems he wrote in protest of the harsh times would later be used by Winston Churchill during World War II to motivate the soldiers. (Modern American Poetry, 2011) â€Å"If We Must Die†, written by Claude McKay during the summer of 1919, is a mantra for people to stand up against those who wish to keep them down or in Churchill’s case to kill them during battle(Sayre, 2012). He is saying even if they must die they should do it with dignity. They may only have the grave to come, but he does not wish them to just lie down even in the face of adversity. Claude McKay displays double consciousness from the time he comes to America. He is first an intelligent Jamaican man who has come here to America in search of an education. Here he was seen by the white Americans around him in Alabama as nothing more than just another â€Å"colored† man. Claude had to deal with both being â€Å"colored† or â€Å"Negro† and being an American. In his poem â€Å"If we must die† McKay shows the idea of double consciousness all the way through. He shows the pride of a dignified man who will not just sit back while anyone attempts to push down into the grave. His writing is not specific to one race or ethnicity, as proven when the British Prime Minister used it to motivate the British and American soldiers. (Sayre, 2012) Langston Hughes was a young poe t, writer, and musician during the Harlem renaissance period. According to Sayre (2012), Langston was like many African-Americans searching for a freedom they could not find in America moved to Paris. In France he was subjected to a music very similar to jazz and ragtime. Harlem was quickly becoming the Paris of America to African-Americans because they were free to be who they want to be and accepted by all those around. When Hughes moved backed to Harlem he became one of the most powerful voices for the African-Americans in Harlem due to his abilities, according to Sayre. His capability to speak to your emotion and to create a feeling empathy, as well as his use the local speech, grammar, and dialect made his works attractive to all. According to the Kansas Heritage Group (n.d.), Langston Hughes had only been in college a year before finding the allure of Harlem, where he met many other famous poets of the times. Langston Hughes wrote the poem â€Å"As I grew older† describing how he has a dream but because he is a â€Å"Black† man he has walls that rise up between himself and his dream. This is a perfect example of double consciousness, because like all Americans he has these dreams that are always growing within him. However because of his ethnicity he has walls that are placed in his path. He feels because he is black man he is being forced down into the shadows and blocked from his dreams. He also is persistent enough in the poem to not lie in the shadows and let the wall win. He breaks through the wall and pursues his dreams despites the efforts to block him. (Poemhunter.com, 2003) The poetry of the times brings out the views and emotions of the people who were writing it. These poems bring out the feelings desire to be free to chase their dreams that write about as well. There are many poems that display thoughts of death and dying. Some of the themes were being brought on by the war, while others are themes were brought on by the feelings of oppression and racism. The biggest theme of them all is the fact we are American, whether we are black or white, Jamaican, German, or French descent, we are American. In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Theme for English B† he states he is black and â€Å"You are white- yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. That’s American†. We are all American and we are all one. We all have similar desires not identical but similar in nature. We want to be free to be what and who we want to be without being held back by others who wish to hold us back in order to advance themselves. In his poem â€Å"As I grew older† he writes about oppression, â€Å"And then the wall rose, Rose slowly, Slowly, Between me and my dream†, The wall rising is the oppression brought about by the racism he faced here in America. Claude McKay in â€Å"If We Must Die† he writes a poem that can used to motivate a group of people as Churchill used to motivate the soldiers of WWI or to motivate the African-Americans here in America. He wants his people to have their honor even in death. â€Å"If we must die-oh, let us nobly die,† He wants to be seen with honor and dignity as he wishes for all his people. In the poem Christianity I write about beliefs and faith in a world where it seems to shun anyone who openly believes in Jesus Christ and his teachings. In today’s society Christians are often told they are cannot display their crosses in public spaces, because â€Å"we are pushing our beliefs on others†. This country was formed with the idea that people would have their freedoms. Freedoms that their previous government denied them, and one of the biggest freedoms they searched for was freedom to practice the religion of their choice. Christianity in its many forms was the biggest religion at the time of this country formation and you can see that in many ways even still today, however publically today there seems to be a push to hide all forms of religion. Christianity seems to be the religion that people wish to hide the most. This is why I chose to use this theme for my poem. Christianity Faith Belief in only one Love all – even my enemy They don’t want love They don’t want faith Truth Will Science ever agree Where is your evidence Is your truth, My truth Freedom Freedom to live Freedom to Love Freedom to believe Freedom to question Faith Who wants it Who needs it Why have it They certainly do not want it References Modern American Poetry (2011). Claude McKay. Retrieved from http://www.english.illinois. edu/maps/poets/m_r/mckay/mckay.htm PoemHunter.com (January, 2003) As I grew older by Langston Hughes. Retrieved from http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/as-i-grew-older/ Sayre, H. M. (2012). The Humanities: Culture, continuity and change, Volume 2 (2nd ed.). (2011 Custom Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Kansas Heritage Group, (n.d.). Langston Hughes Biography. Retrieved from http://www. kansasheritage.org/crossingboundaries/page6e1.html

Plath’s Daddy Essays: Loss and Trauma -- Daddy Essays

Loss and Trauma in Plath’s Daddy  Ã‚      In addition to the anger and violence, 'Daddy' is also pervaded by a strong sense of loss and trauma. The repeated 'You do not do' of the first sentence suggests a speaker that is still battling a truth she only recently has been forced to accept. After all, this is the same persona who in an earlier poem spends her hours attempting to reconstruct the broken pieces of her 'colossus' father. After 30 years of labor she admits to being 'none the wiser' and 'married to shadow', but she remains faithful to her calling. With 'Daddy' not only is the futility of her former efforts acknowledged, but the conditions that forced them upon her are manically denounced. At the same time, and this seems to fire her fury, she admits to her own willing self-deception. The father whom she previously related to the 'Oresteia' and the 'Roman Forum' is now revealed as a panzer man with a Meinkampf look. But she doesn't simply stop at her own complicity. 'Every woman,' she announces 'loves a Fascist/The b oot in the face, the brute/Brute heart of ...

What Actions Might Be Taken Limit Price Fluctuations?

Title: Distinguish between price elasticity of demand, cross elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand. What actions might be taken by countries and companies to reduce or limit price fluctuations? Class: Business J Student: Ibrokhim Parviz Student ID: 99592 Tutor name: Sally Word account: Introduction: Nowadays in modern developed market change in prices and other factors are very expected. The change in one of the factors for instance price and effect of it on another factor like demand or supply are measured by elasticity. Elasticity is the measure of how the change in one of the factor will be affected on the other factors.Elasticity measures extent to which demand will change. Measure easily can be calculated in percentage (Anderton 2008). After a calculation of elasticity, it’s divided into three types which are classified by values of elasticity: perfectly elastic-infinity; elastic – if value is greater than one; perfectly inelastic- equals zero; inela stic – if the value of elasticity less than one; unitary elasticity – if the value is exactly one (Anderton 2008). There are four basic types of elasticity measure: Price elasticity of demand; Income elasticity of demand; Cross elasticity of demand and Price elasticity of supply.In this essay will be discussed types of elasticity and government intervention in the open market, benefits and negative impacts (Anderton 2008). Note: New quantity demanded – ^Q; New price – ^P; Original Demand – Q; Original Price – P; Percentage change in quantity demanded-%Q; Percentage change in quantity of supply-%S; Percentage change in Price-%P Formula: P (times) ^Q (over) Q (times) ^P Price Elasticity of Demand: Price Elasticity of Demand or also known as Own Price Elasticity of Demand (PED), measures the responsiveness of change in quantity demanded to change in price.The formula is: percentage change in quantity demanded over the percentage change in price . PED has – (negative) sign in front of it; because as price rises demand falls and vice-versa (inverse relationship between price and demand). Determinants of PED are the availability of substitutes and time. PED have some links with changes in total expenditure (Anderton 2008). Example: After increasing price from P1 to P percentage change in price was 10, demand for good X is decreased from Q1 to Q and percentage change in quantity demanded is 60, what is price elasticity of this good?Solution: Formula is %Q / %D, so 60/10=6. PED is greater than one so its elastic good. Elastic demand curve of the Good X Price P P1 0 Q Q1 Quantity Income Elasticity of Demand: Changes in real income of individuals can change the spending pattern of consumers. For instance if the consumer use to buy ketchup made by supermarket which is Normal good, after the increasing of income he can buy a Heinz ketchup so, Heinz will come as normal good, and the ketchup of supermarket production will be i nferior good (Anderton 2008).This change measured by Income Elasticity of Demand (Anderton 2008). The formula is percentage change in quantity demanded over percentage change in income. If the answer will be positive sign it means its normal good; if negative sign, inferior good. Difference between inferior good and normal is by their income elasticity of demand. For instance holidays and recreational activities are with high income elasticity of demand, whereas washing up liquid have a low income elasticity of demand. If the value of income elasticity is lies between +1 and -1 so its inelastic.If it greater +1 or less than -1 so it is elastic. Example: Demand for housing increase by 10 per cent, simultaneous income of consumers rises by 5 per cent. Calculate income elasticity of demand. Solution: Formula is percentage change in quantity demanded over percentage change in income, so 10/5 = 2. The value of income elasticity of demand is greater than one, so it is elastic. Cross elast icity of demand: As it knows change in price of good can affect change in demand of that good. However, if the goods are substitute or complements, the change of price in one of them, may lead to change in another.Cross elasticity of demand measures this kind of changes (Anderton 2008). Good which are substitutes will have a positive cross elasticity, and if goods are complement, it will have a negative cross elasticity. If the goods have a small relationship between each other the may have a zero cross elasticity. For instance a rise in demand for luxury cars, likely may have no effect on Tipp-Ex. Demand is cross elastic if it is between +1 and -1, if cross elasticity is greater than +1 or less than -1, then it is elastic.Example: Price of macaroni was increased by 10 per cent. Quantity demanded for cheese was increased by 20 per cent. What is cross elasticity of demand. Solution: The formula is Percentage change in quantity demanded of Good X over percentage change in price of Goo d Y. So, 20/10=2. Value is greater than one, so it is elastic. Price elasticity of supply: Also can be measured the responsiveness of quantity supplied to changes in price, this is called Price Elasticity of Supply (Anderton 2008). The formula is: percentage change in supply over percentage change in price.The curve of supply is upward sloping; it means an increase in price leads to an increase in quantity supplied. An elasticity of supply equal one can have a straight line which passes supply curve. For instance if the price of shoes goes up, producers to make more profit produce more shoes which leads to increase the supply. Example: The percentage change in price is 10, the percentage change in quantity supplied is 20. Calculate the price elasticity of supply. Solution: 20/10=2, so product is elastic. Elastic demand curve of the Good X P P1 Price / Q Q1 Quantity The prices of commodity goods are going up and down. The reason of price fluctuation is changes in supply or demand. Eq uilibrium in price find when supply and demand will intersect each other. The change in one of them will cause price fluctuate. For instance the problem with supply may cause poor harvest or loss in production. Change in demand can be caused by change in technology, income or substitutes (Parkin 2010). Mostly in agricultural or commodity markets there is large price fluctuation in price in very short time.This can give negative impact on producers, for instance they may have over or under production in short term; or calculate over or under investment in long terms. Also prices can be too high for essential goods, like bread or rice, problem with this goods can cause a disorder in country caused by young adults which not satisfied with high prices, similar situation was in Egypt in 2011. On the other hand prices can be too low, for instance cigarettes, its generally known that smoking harms health, governments to protect citizens making new rules, for which they spend money, for tha t reason it can make negative impact on governments economic.Another example can be farmers, if the incomes of farmers will be too low, they can leave the land and stop production, so governments needs to decide to increase their incomes (Parkin 2010). Although there is also other motives of intervention government to market. Government can intervene market for benefits of their citizens or themselves. For instance, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries or OPEC, this organization is a group of countries which sets prices high in long term to increase their revenues (Parkin 2010). By the way theoretically it can increase living standard of citizens that country.Stable prices: The reason why stable prices are important for companies or government is that big firms can have a plan on a long term basis; if consumer spend on one good more than on another it may cause problem for other part of economy of country. Governments of each country decide how to reduce or limit fluctu ation. There are few ways that government can equalize the price and keep it stable. For instance: maximum/minimum prices; encourage the development of substitutes; establish buffer stock; use of subsides; devote more factor resources; export bans or changes in import tariffs.Now will be discussed they ways of intervention with the positive and negative sides. Maximum prices: Government can intervene market and set up new maximum price which will be lover then previous to help consumers in short term be available to purchase that good. In long term in can cause problem, because consumer will demand more, but sellers will supply as usually, so there may be arise problem with excess demand. Minimum prices: Minimum prices are usually to help producers increase their incomes.Negative impact of this change is that consumers can react on higher price of good, and decrease the demand, so in the end there will be excess supply (Parkin 2010). However, there is two solutions for excess supply . One of them is to buy the extra production by the government and sell it back in low prices, sale it to farmers for their animals, offering it to those who in need this good in EU or to sell it to Third World countries at rock bottom prices (Parkin 2010). Another way to solve it is to restrict the production. The government can force the farmers to leave the part of their land uncultivated(Parkin 2010).This can lead to shifting the supply curve to the left. Reducing output to achieve higher prices is the way in which OPEC works(Parkin 2010). New substitutes: Government can encourage new substitutes. For instance substitutes for coal energy can be solar energy or wind energy (Parkin 2010). New substitutes can increase supply, by shifting it to the right and decrease the price. These substitutes at beginning need a lot of investment. They need to be invested in long term to keep it working. Also there is other factors which can decrease or increase spending.For instance if it is dus ty country government need to keep clean the solar energy equipment. So there is needed machinery and people who will keep it clean in every period that needed. Buffer stock: Buffer stock is an organization which buys and sells goods in the open market to stable price in the market. If the price of goods goes down, buffer stock, buys the goods for stabilizing price, if the price goes up, buffer stock sells good, to take price down. The way buffer stock theoretically seems to be easy in practise, but actually it needs a lot of investment (Sloman 2006).First needs in money is for the goods that must be bought in market. Secondly goods must be stored at condition that can keep it over long time for use. For instance rice must be kept in place with access to fresh air in +15 +20 temperature. Thirdly goods must be under security. On the other hand, theoretically buffer stock can bring profit, because the goods are bought in low market price where was intervention and sold below the inter vention. This is mostly with primary products, such as gold, tin and agricultural-wheat and beef. This mainly due to supply side influences.For instance demand and supply for canned tomatoes can be staying same for long term, nearly one year. If there excess in supply, canned tomatoes can be stored, if demand increase they can sell from stored. However, this is different for fresh tomatoes, for instance supply in summer time is great and price relatively low, but in winter time the supply is low and prices are high. Example for intervention of buffer stock on market can be olive oil. In European Union there is excess supply and prices of oil going down. Farmers are disappointed because they lose profits. European Union decided to buy olive oil for 24$ million dollars.Use of subsidies: Government to stabilize the price can use of subsidies. Subsidies is the money which is granted to producers to reduce the production, or to decrease the price. For instance producers of the rice have excess supply over long term which leads to decreasing the price. Next time government gives money for farmers to leave a piece of land uncultivated so there will be no excess supply. The different interventions are likely to be: The different interventions are likely to have some advantages and disadvantages. Government should make a research before starting intervention on market (McDowell 2012).It must be taken into account every question which can be come up in realisation of the project. For instance before encourage new substitutes how it can effect market, is it effective, or how much needed investment for start-up. All this question must be seem from every sides so in the future there will not be problem. Bibliography: Anderton, A (2008). Economics Fifth Edition AQA. 5th ed. Essex: Pearson education. P30-132. McDowell, M. (2012). Economics. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. p45-62. Parkin M. (2010). Economics. 9th ed. US: Pearson. p56-60. Sloman, J. (2006). Economics. 6t h ed. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. p89-104.

1. Overview Of The Theology Of The Pentateuch.. Theology

1. Overview of the Theology of the Pentateuch. Theology is the study of God, and further the Theology of the Pentateuch is defined as what is the Pentateuch teaching us about God today. The Pentateuch is another name for the Torah, which consists of the first five books of the Biblical canon. Studying the theological vision contained within the Pentateuch is crucial to scholars since it is this vision that shapes the principal form of this work. Further, the foundation for the theology of God is set forth in the rest of the Bible. One can read numerous intricate, complex stories as concern our Creator, however there is not one contradiction in respect to his attributes that can be found. It is owing to the fact that this is a solid†¦show more content†¦These are promises that God secured between himself and his people. For example, Genesis one uncovers a covenant with Adam and continues further with covenants with Noah, Abraham, Moses, Israel and a renewal with the new generation of God’s chosen people in Deuteronomy. Moreover, each of these covenants has â€Å"it’s own character and scope; and each prepares for and provides the found for, the next†. Alexander and Baker hold fast in agreement and proceed to say, â€Å" Yet the faith and varied responses of the ancestors and Israelites are best grasped in relation to covenant making, covenant breaking and renewals of covenant†. The narrative of the Pentateuch has a progressive nature, as do the covenants made between people and God. 2. Theology of the Pentateuch in Genesis. 2.1 Character of God, Humanity, and Covenant Relationship in Genesis. The book of Genesis presents the reader with a relational God. In particular, Genesis focuses on the relationship between God and man and â€Å"thus Genesis does not present a static theology of God’s involvement with humanity, but regardless of his mode of engagement, God is present and active†. However, the sin of man arrived into the world and these relationships were fractured. Again, God exhibits judgment, but also mercy when in Genesis three He sends Adam and Eve out of the Garden for their transgression, yet provides clothes as an act of grace. The main Biblical idea behind a covenant means aShow MoreRelatedThe First Address Of Moses Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesI. Contents of the Book of Deuteronomy A. Literary Structure: The first address of Moses (1:1 – 4:43) recounts God’s mighty acts on Israel’s behalf from the time of the covenant at Sinai to this renewal ceremony in Moab. Moses wanted to teach about God’s nature as savoir and protector in order to motivate the Israelites to keep the covenant (4:35-40). 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